02: Data

IMS, Ch. 1

Benjamin S. Baumer

Smith College

Jan 30, 2026

Recap

Recall the yawning experiment

• What did the red cards represent?
• What did the piles of 34 cards represent?
• What did the distribution on the board represent?
• Where did the number 10 fall in the null distribution?

Data

Types of data

Data collection activity (pairs)

• What is your name?
• What is your email address?
• What year are you?
• In which house do you live?
• What is your hometown?
• How many siblings do you have?
• What is the furthest away from Northampton (in miles) you were over winter break?

Data entry activity

• Open this Google spreadsheet and enter data

• What are the cases (observations) in this data set?

By yourself

For each of the variables in the spreadsheet, describe the type of variable that it is (e.g., categorical/numerical, discrete/continuous, ordinal, etc.)

Now discuss with your neighbor!

Numeric variable subtypes

Categorical variable subtypes

In R

Read the data directly from Google

library(tidyverse)
library(googlesheets4)
gs4_deauth()
ss <- read_sheet("1L2pIOWoW432vyAXHkgKYaLZTu1IlteK4eaCpEHovBro")
nrow(ss)